Steel 12X18H9T (Х18Н9Т)

Designation

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	12Х18Н9Т
Designation GOST Latin	12X18H9T
Transliteration	12H18N9T
By chemical elements	12Cr18Н9Ti

Name	The value
Designation GOST Cyrillic	Х18Н9Т
Designation GOST Latin	X18H9T
Transliteration	H18N9T
By chemical elements	Cr18Н9Ti

Description

12X18H9T steel is used: for the manufacture of welded equipment, pipes, fittings furnace parts, heat exchangers, muffles, parts, exhaust systems, sheet metal and high-grade parts; vehicles and vessels operating at temperatures from -196 to +600 °C under pressure and in the presence of corrosive media up to +350 °C; details of aircraft construction; powder used in the production of goods and permeable laminated and sintered porous tape, filters for the filtration of lubricating oils, fuels, alkalis, air and other gases and fluids, as well as for the manufacture of plamegasiteli, porous coolers; woven wire mesh twill weave, used as reinforcement material in the manufacture of asbestine sheets, for separating granular materials according to grain size, filtration and other purposes; ropes a double and a triple lay for special working conditions. Steel brand 12X18H9T is recommended to be applied in the form of long products and hot rolled metal sheet, not manufactured on continuous rolling mills.

Note

Steel corrosion resistant, heatresistant and heat-proof. Stabilized chromium-Nickel steel of austenitic class.
The recommended maximum operating temperature for a long time +800 °C, for a very long time +600 °C.
Temperature intense scaling in air +850 °C.
Steel is unstable in sulfur-containing environments and is used when cannot be applied, Nickel-free steel.
Powder steel Х18Н9Т made by the joint recovery of a mixture of metal oxides and metal powders with calcium hydride.

Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Sheets and strips	В23	GOST 103-2006
Bars and shapes	В22	GOST 1133-71, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006
Test methods. Packing. Marking	В09	GOST 11878-66
Hard alloys, ceramic-metal products and metal powder	В56	GOST 13084-88
Wire, steel, alloy	В73	GOST 18143-72, TU 14-4-867-77
Processing of metals by pressure. Forgings	В03	GOST 25054-81, OST 5Р.9125-84, ST ЦКБА 010-2004
Sheets and strips	В33	GOST 4405-75, GOST 7350-77
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В30	GOST 5632-72
Bars and shapes	В32	GOST 5949-75, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 14955-77, GOST 18907-73, TU 14-1-1673-76, TU 14-1-2972-80, TU 14-1-3564-83, TU 14-1-3581-83, TU 14-1-377-72, TU 14-1-3818-84, TU 14-1-3957-85, TU 14-1-748-73, TU 14-11-245-88, TU 14-1-1271-75
Classification, nomenclature and General rules	В20	OST 1 90005-91
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В21	OST 1 90176-75
Blanks. Of the workpiece. Slabs	В31	OST 3-1686-90, OST 95-29-72, TU 14-1-1214-75
Tape	В34	OST 5.9093-72, TU 14-1-1370-75, TU 14-1-2192-77
Thermal and thermochemical treatment of metals	В04	STP 26.260.484-2004, ST ЦКБА 016-2005
Mesh metal	В76	TU 14-4-1569-89, TU 14-4-1561-89, TU 14-4-507-99
Steel wire rope	В75	TU 14-4-278-73

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Ni	Fe	Cu	V	Ti	Mo	Ca	W	O
TU 14-1-3581-83	≤0.12	≤0.02	≤0.03	≤2	17-19	≤0.8	8-9.5	Rest	≤0.4	≤0.2	-	≤0.3	-	≤0.2	-
GOST 5632-72	≤0.12	≤0.02	≤0.035	≤2	17-19	≤0.8	8-9.5	Rest	≤0.4	≤0.2	-	≤0.5	-	≤0.2	-
TU 14-1-748-73	≤0.12	≤0.02	≤0.04	≤2	17-19	≤0.8	8-9.5	Rest	≤0.4	≤0.2	-	≤0.5	-	≤0.2	-
GOST 13084-88	0.05-0.12	≤0.02	≤0.03	≤0.35	16-20	≤0.1	7-10	Rest	-	-	0.5-0.8	-	≤0.15	-	≤0.35

Fe is the basis.
According to GOST 5632-72 and TU 14-1-748-73, the content of Ti% = 5C% is 0.8%. For aircraft components, the Mo content is ≤ 0.30%.
According to GOST 13084-88 the chemical composition is given for powder grade ПХ18Н9Т.
According to TU 14-1-3581-83, the chemical composition is given for 12Х18Н9Т-ВД steel. The content of Ti% = 5C% is 0.8%.

Mechanical properties

Section, mm	s_T\|s_0,2, MPa	σ_U, MPa	d₅, %	d	y, %	KCU, kJ/m²	HB, MPa
Sheet 2 mm. cold deformation with the degree of cold plastic deformation 60 %
-	≥1290	≥1330	≥10	-	-	-	-
Sheet. Quenching in water from 1050 °C (indicate the degree of compression in %)
-	280-400	550-650	40-50	-	-	-	-
Gradation of performance properties of the finished heat-treated parts for OST 1 90005-91
-	-	540-800	-	-	-	-	-
Billet (forgings) OST 95-29-72 in the state of delivery: Austenization at 1020-1100 °C, cooling in water or air
	≥246	≥520	≥37	-	-	-	-
Sheet 2 mm. cold deformation with the degree of cold plastic deformation 60 %
-	≥970	≥1080	≥6	-	-	-	-
Sheet. Quenching in water from 1050 °C (indicate the degree of compression in %)
-	≥900	≥950	≥12	-	-	-	-
Billet (forgings) OST 95-29-72 in the state of delivery: Austenization at 1020-1100 °C, cooling in water or air
	≥186	≥372	-	-	-	-	-
Sheet 2 mm. cold deformation with the degree of cold plastic deformation 60 %
-	≥780	≥870	≥10	-	-	-	-
Sheet. Quenching in water from 1050 °C (indicate the degree of compression in %)
-	≥1150	≥1250	≥3	-	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching in water or air with 1020-1100 °C (aging of 1.0 to 1.5 min/mm of maximum cross section but not less than 0.5 h)
≤60	≥196	≥510	≥40	-	≥55	-	121-179
Sheet 2 mm. cold deformation with the degree of cold plastic deformation 60 %
-	≥360	≥420	≥29	-	-	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching in water or air with 1020-1100 °C (aging of 1.0 to 1.5 min/mm of maximum cross section but not less than 0.5 h)
100-160	≥196	≥510	≥37	-	≥45	-	121-179
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, laminated. The rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	≥155	≥200	≥27	-	≥57	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching in water or air with 1020-1100 °C (aging of 1.0 to 1.5 min/mm of maximum cross section but not less than 0.5 h)
160-500	≥196	≥510	≥37	-	≥44	-	121-179
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, laminated. The rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	≥110	≥120	≥41	-	≥90	-	-
Blank pieces of pipe fittings according to ST CKBA 016-2005. Quenching in water or air with 1020-1100 °C (aging of 1.0 to 1.5 min/mm of maximum cross section but not less than 0.5 h)
60-100	≥196	≥510	≥39	-	≥50	-	121-179
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, laminated. The rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	≥58	≥66	≥50	-	≥95	-	-
Quenching in water or air from 1050-1100 °C
300-500	≥216	≥510	≥35	-	≥40	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, laminated. The rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	≥35	≥38	≥66	-	≥99	-	-
Quenching in water or air from 1050-1100 °C
1-6	-	540-880	≥20	-	-	-	-
A sample with diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, laminated. The rate of deformation of 20 mm/min strain Rate 0,007 1/C
-	≥22	≥26	≥79	-	≥100	-	-
Hot rolled sheet (4,0-50,0 mm) and cold rolled (4,0-5,0 mm) steel according to GOST 7350-77. Quenching in water or air from 1030-1080 °C
-	≥215	≥530	≥38	-	-	-	-
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥280	≥620	≥41	-	≥63	-	-
Forgings for parts resistant to the ICC. Quenching from 1000-1050 °C in oil, water or air
100-300	≥196	≥540	≥38	-	≥45	-	121-179
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥200	≥460	≥31	-	≥65	-	-
Forgings for parts resistant to the ICC. Quenching from 1000-1050 °C in oil, water or air
60-100	≥196	≥540	≥39	-	≥50	-	121-179
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥180	≥450	≥31	-	≥65	-	-
Forgings for parts resistant to the ICC. Quenching from 1000-1050 °C in oil, water or air
60	≥196	≥540	≥40	-	≥55	-	121-179
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥180	≥450	≥29	-	≥65	-	-
The wire is heat-treated in the delivery condition according to GOST 18143-72 (elongation, % at rated sample length of 100 mm is specified for the wire of the 1st class in brackets are for 2nd class)
0.2-1	-	590-880	-	≥25 (≥20)	-	-	-
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥180	≥400	≥25	-	≥61	-	-
The wire is heat-treated in the delivery condition according to GOST 18143-72 (elongation, % at rated sample length of 100 mm is specified for the wire of the 1st class in brackets are for 2nd class)
1.1-7.5	-	540-830	-	≥25 (≥20)	-	-	-
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥160	≥280	≥26	-	≥59	-	-
Cold drawn wire in the delivery state according to GOST 18143-72
0.2-3	-	1130-1470	-	-	-	-	-
Bars with a diameter of 18-25 mm. Quenching in water from 1050 °C
-	≥100	≥180	≥35	-	≥69	-	-
Cold drawn wire in the delivery state according to GOST 18143-72
3.4-7.5	-	1080-1420	-	-	-	-	-
Hire full hard. In the delivery condition, without heat treatment
1-6	-	≥1080	-	-	-	-	-
≤3.9	-	≥935	-	-	-	-	-
Bars calibrated in delivery condition (cold-worked) on the other 14-1-3581-83
20-25	≥225	≥539	≥25	-	≥55	-	-
Bars of polished, processed on a given strength (TS) according to GOST 18907-73
1-30	-	640-880	-	≥20	-	-	-
Bars hot rolled and forged GOST 5949-75 and Forming at OST 1 90176-75. Quenching in air, oil or water with 1020-1100 °C
	≥196	≥540	≥40	-	≥55	-	-
Bars hot rolled and forged at STP 26.260.484-2004. Quenching in water or air from 1050-1100 °C
	≥200	≥450	≥25	-	≥35	≥1960	-
Bars hot rolled and forged at STP 26.260.484-2004. Stepwise treatment regime: heating to 1050-1100 °C; the holding time at the heating for products with wall thickness up to 10 mm - 30 min, over 10 mm - 20 min + 1 min per 1 mm of maximum thickness; cooling as fast as possible to 870-900°C; holding at 870-900 °C for 2-3 hours; cooling with the furnace to 300 °C (speed of 50-100 °C/h), then in the air
	≥200	≥520	≥35	-	≥50	-	-

Description mechanical marks

Name	Description
s_T\|s_0,2	Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2%
σ_U	Limit short-term strength
d₅	Elongation after rupture
d	Elongation after rupture
y	The relative narrowing
KCU	Toughness
HB	Brinell hardness number

Physical characteristics

Temperature	Е, HPa	r, kg/m³	l, W/(m · °C)	R, Mr. · m	a, 10^-6 1/°C	С, J/(kg · °C)
0	195	7900	-	725	-	-
20	195	7900	-	725	-	-
100	189	7860	16	792	16	469
200	182	7820	18	861	17	486
300	175	7780	20	920	176	498
400	167	7740	21	976	18	511
500	180	7690	23	1028	183	519
600	153	7650	25	1075	186	528
700	143	7600	26	1117	189	532
800	135	7560	28	1149	193	544
900	-	7510	29	1176	195	544
1000	-	-	-	-	195	-
1200	-	-	-	-	201	-
1100	-	-	-	-	-	548

A description of the physical symbols

Name	Description
Е	The normal elasticity modulus
r	Density
l	Coefficient of thermal conductivity
R	UD. the resistivity
С	Specific heat

Technological properties

Name	The value
Weldability	Welded without any restrictions. Welding methods: SMAW electrodes CL-11, CL-15 (providing corrosion resistance), DH-26 (used as heat-resistant no requirements ICC), ESW. Recommended subsequent heat treatment. To prevent the tendency to stab corrosion of welded assemblies running in nitric acid welded assemblies are subjected to tempering in air 970-1020 °C; the temperature should be kept at the upper limit (the speed is not less than 2,5 min/mm of maximum wall thickness, but not less than 1 hour). In the case of welding wire SV 04Х19Н11М3 or electrodes type e-07Х19Н11М3Г2Ф (grade EA-400/10U, EA-400/10T, wire St 04Х19Н11М3, etc.) applied annealing in air from 950-1050 °C (aged for at least 2.5 minutes/mm of maximum wall thickness, but not less than 1 hour). In the case of welding electrodes type e-08Х19Н10Г2МБ (stamps EA 898/21 B, etc.) to relieve residual stresses in welded assemblies: a) working at 350 °C and above; b) operating at temperatures above 350 °C, if the hardening is impractical to apply a stabilizing annealing at 850-920 °C (extract after heating the batch for at least 2 hours). To relieve residual stresses of welded assemblies operating at temperatures above 350 °C, after final mechanical machining (before lapping) if the carrying out of other types of heat treatment applied is inappropriate vacation at 375-400 °C (delay of 6-10 h), air cooling. In the case of welding of pipes with internal diameter not less than 100 mm and more to the body (without delay) in accordance with KD applies a stabilizing annealing at 950-970 °C, air cooling.
The temperature of forging	Start - 1200 °C, the end - 850 °C. the cross Sections up to 350 mm cooled in air.
Machinability	In the hardened state in HB 169 and blower SB=610 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0,85 Kn b.St.=0,35.
Features of heat treatment	Depending on assignment, working conditions, corrosive environment the product is subjected to: a) hardening (austenization); b) stabilizing annealing; C) annealing for stress relieving; d) a stepwise processing. The product is quenched in order to: a) prevent the tendency to intergranular corrosion (products can operate in temperatures up to 350 °C); b) to increase resistance against General corrosion; C) to eliminate the revealed tendency to intergranular corrosion; g) to prevent the tendency to stab corrosion (welded work product in solutions of nitric acid); d) to eliminate residual stress (products simple configuration); e) to increase the plasticity of the material. The quenching products should be carried out on mode: heating to 1050-1100 °C, items material thickness up to 10 mm cooling on air, more than 10 mm in water. Welded parts of complex configuration in order to avoid the leash is to be cooled in the air. The holding time at the heating for hardening to products with a wall thickness up to 10 mm - 30 min, over 10 mm - 20 min + 1 min per 1 mm maximum thickness. In the hardening of products, intended for operation in nitric acid, the heating temperature for hardening must be kept at the upper limit (exposure at the same weldment should be not less than 1 hour). Stabilizing annealing is applied to: a) prevent the tendency to intergranular corrosion (products work at temperatures above 350 °C); b) stress relief; C) the elimination of discovered tendency to intergranular corrosion, if for any reason hardening is inappropriate. A stabilizing annealing, for example for products and welded joints of steels in which the ratio of titanium to carbon 5 or more of niobium to carbon greater than 8. Stabilizing annealing to prevent the tendency to intergranular corrosion products, operating at temperatures over 350 °C can be subjected to steel containing not more than 0.08 % of carbon. Stabilising annealing should be carried out according to the mode: heating up to 870-900 °C, exposure time of 2-3 h, cooling in air. During heat treatment of large welded products are permitted to carry out local stabilizing annealing of closing seams in the same mode, with all welded components shall be subjected to a stabilizing annealing before welding. In the case of local stabilizing annealing is necessary to ensure both uniform heating and cooling across the length of the weld and adjacent base metal zones for a width equal to two or three widths of a seam, but not more than 200 mm. Manual heating method is invalid. For a more complete removal of residual stresses, the annealing products of stabilized chromium-Nickel steels is performed according to the mode: heating up to 870-900 °C; exposure of 2-3 h, cooling with the furnace to 300 °C (cooling rate of 50-100 °C/h), then by air. The annealing is carried out for products and welded joints of steel, from which the ratio of titanium to carbon 5 or more of niobium to carbon greater than 8. Step processing is to: a) relieve residual stresses and prevent the tendency to intergranular corrosion; b) to prevent the tendency to intergranular corrosion of welded joints of complex configuration with sharp transitions in thickness; C) products with the tendency to intergranular corrosion, remove which other method (annealing or stabilizing annealing) is inappropriate. Step treatment should be carried out according to mode: heating to 1050-1100 °C; the holding time at the heating for hardening to products with a wall thickness up to 10 mm - 30 min, over 10 mm - 20 min + 1 min per 1 mm of maximum thickness; cooling as fast as possible to 870-900°C; holding at 870-900 °C for 2-3 hours; cooling with the furnace to 300 °C (speed of 50-100 °C/h), then by air. To expedite the process, step-by-step treatment is recommended in two in two furnaces heated to different temperatures. When transferring from one furnace to another, the temperature of the products should not be below 900 °C. Speed of processing permitted for products and welded joints of steel, from which the ratio of titanium to carbon 5 or more of niobium to carbon greater than 8.