Alloy tool steel. History and Interesting.

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Relevance

The most common chemical elements in tool steels are those that impart strength, hardness and wear resistance under constant abrasive impacts and technological loads. The exception is steel alloys for measuring tools and templates, for which the main thing is the stability of dimensional parameters. That is why alloyed steels usually contain chrome, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, boron and, less frequently, titanium and manganese (in high content).

History of alloying of tool steels

The first case of alloying is considered to be the use of meteoritic iron in the manufacture of knives, the first metal tool that mankind acquired. It has been established that meteorites contain at least 7-8% nickel, a metal that, although not contributing to hardness, provides the necessary strength for the product against bending loads and shearing stress. In modern terms, the steel from which the first knives were forged was of a grade close to 8G6NS. It is believed that in the famous Damascus blades, molybdenum gave the weapon the increased toughness needed when the blade was subjected to constant stabbing and cutting blows.

Creation of a tool steel with a precise chemical composition

This was produced in 1871 by the Frenchman Luchette. He obtained a steel that contained around 2% carbon, 7% nickel, 9% tungsten and 2.5% manganese and was used in the production of lathe cutters. Evek GmbH offers to buy low-alloy structural steel at an affordable price in a wide range. We provide delivery of products to any point on the continent. The price is optimal.

The role of alloying elements

The main tasks of alloying steels of this class:

  • Providing increased hardness, even in the absence of hardening treatment;
  • Increase of hardenability;
  • Increasing impact toughness, which operates under constantly changing loads over time;
  • Providing wear resistance under high stress friction conditions, mainly dry and boundary.

Alloying

  • Chromium - increases dimensional accuracy and hardness;
  • Tungsten - increases surface hardness, which is independent of contact surface temperatures;
  • Molybdenum - increases crease resistance and - for hot forming stamp steels - helps to increase hardenability;
  • Vanadium - improves the structure of steels and helps reduce sensitivity to overheating;
  • Silicon and cobalt - increases hardness and hardening effect of heat treatment;
  • Nickel and manganese - improve hardenability (especially for massive tools such as hammers and punches). Nickel also increases ductility under dynamic loads.

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