Density and specific heat capacity of niobium and niobium alloys

Density and specific heat capacity of niobium
Niobium welding

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Technical characteristics

Niobium is a rare, soft, malleable, malleable, gray-white metal. It has a volume-centered cubic crystal structure and resembles tantalum in its physical and chemical properties. It must always be in a protective atmosphere during processing at moderate temperatures because it is easily oxidized by oxygen, halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur. The metal is inert to acids at room temperature, but is susceptible to hot concentrated acids and especially to alkalis and oxidizers.

Physical properties of niobium

Number in the periodic system of elements. 41
Atomic weight 92.91 g-mol -1
Density at 20°C 8400 kg/m3
Melting Point 2410 °C
Boiling point 5100 °C
Van der Waals radius 0.143 nm
Ion radius 0.069...0.070 nm
Number of available isotopes 14
Primary ionization energy 652 kJmol-1

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Mechanical Properties

Tensile strength at room temperature 275 MPa
Modulus of Plasticity 105 GPa
Poisson's ratio 0.4
Brinell hardness 736 NV
Vickers hardness 1320 MPa
Mohs hardness 6

The main thermophysical characteristics:

Thermal expansion coefficient in the temperature range 20...1000 C 7.3 μm/m°C
Heat transfer coefficient 53.7 W/mK

Fields of application

  1. Production of high temperature resistant alloys and special stainless steels
  2. Optics;
  3. Superconductors;
  4. Hard alloys.

Cutting tools use niobium chemical compounds such as niobium carbide. Other compounds, such as lithium niobate, are used in electroceramics. Niobium-tin alloys are used as superconducting magnets. Niobium is used in stainless steel alloys that are used in nuclear reactors, missiles, jets, piping, cutting tools, and welding rods.

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