Titanium metal

Titanium metal – is a solid silver-gray metal found in nature as a component of many minerals, especially of ilmenite and rutile. Titanium is found in sand or in soil more than in solid rock. The other minerals which contain titanium are perovskite, sphene, anatase, and brookite.

Titanium is particularly valued for its low density combined with high strength and excellent resistance to corrosion. The maximum rate of tensile strength of pure titanium may reach 740 N/mm2, and the alloy LT 33, containing aluminum, vanadium and tin, reach 1200 N/mm2.

Titanium chemical composition

Grade	Ti	Аl	V	Мо	Sn	Zr	Mn	Cr	Si	Fe	O	H	N	C	Others
VT1-00	base								0,08	0,15	0,1	0,008	0,04	0,05	0,1
VT1-0	base								0,1	0,3	0,2	0,01	0	0,1	0,3
VT1-2	base								0,15	1,5	0,3	0,01	0,15	0,1	0,3
VT3-1	base	5,5-7,0		2,0-3,0		0,5		0,8-2,0	0,15-0,40	0,2-0,7	0,15	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
ОТ4	base	3,5-5.0				0,3	0,8-2,0		0,12	0,3	0,15	0,012	0,05	0,1	0,3
ОТ4-0	base	0,4-1,4				0,3	0,5-1,3		0,12	0,3	0,15	0,012	0,05	0,1	0,3
ОТ4-1	base	1,5-2,5				0,3	0,7-2,0		0,12	0,3	0,15	0,012	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT5	base	4,5-6,2	1,2	0,8		0,3			0,12	0,3	0,2	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT5-1	base	4.3-6,0	1		2,0-3,0	0,3			0,12	0,3	0,15	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT6	base	5,3-6,8	3,5-5,3			0,3			0,1	0,6	0,2	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT6с	base	5,3-6,5	3,5-4,5			0,3			0,15	0,25	0,15	0,015	0,04	0,1	0,3
VT8	base	5,8-7,0		2,8-3,8		0,5			0,20-0,40	0,3	0,15	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT9	base	5,8-7,0		2,8-3,8		1,0-2,0			0,20-0,35	0,25	0,15	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT14	base	3,5-6,3	0,9-1,9	2,5-3,8		0			0,2	0,3	0,2	0,02	0,1	0,1	0,3
VT16	base
VT20	base	5,5-7,0	0,8-2,5	0,5-2,0		1,5-2,5			0,15	0,25	0,15	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
VT22	base	4,4-5,7	4,0-5,5	4,0-5,5		0,3		0,5-1,5	0,15	0,5-1,5	0,18	0,015	0,05	0,1	0,3
PТ-1М	base
PТ-3V	base	3,5-5,0	1,2-2,5			0,3			0,12	0,25	0,15	0,006	0,04	0,1	0,3
PТ-7М	base	1,8-2,5				2,0-3,0			0,12	0,25	0,15	0,006	0,04	0,1	0,3
2V	base	1,5-2,5	1,0-2,0						0,1	0,2	0,12		0,04	0,7	0,3
3М	base	0,2-0,7	3,5-5,0			0,3			0,1	0,2	0,15		0,04	0,1	0,3
5V	base	4,7-6,3	1,0-1,9	0,7-2,0		0,1			0,12	0,25	0,13		0,04	0,06-0,14	0,3
14	base	3,5-5,6	0,5-2,5			0,3			0,12	0,25	0,15		0,04	0,1	0,3
40	base	1,5-3,5	0,5-2,5			0,3			0,12	0,25	0,14		0,04	0,07	0,3
АТ3	base	2,0-3,5						0,2-0,5	0,20-0,40		0,15	0,008	0,05	0,1	0,3
SP 17	base	5,1	1,4			5,6

 

Titanium welding wire. Titanium wire. Chemical composition

Grade	Ti	Аl	V	Мо	Sn	Zr	Mn	Cr	Si	Fe	O	H	N	C	Others
VT-2 w	base	2,0-3,0							0,1	0,15	0,12	0,003	0,04	0,05	0,3
VT-6 w	base	3,5-4,5	2,5-3,5						0,1	0,15	0,12	0,003	0,04	0,05	0,3
VT20-1 w	base	2,0-3,0	0,5-1,5	0,5-1,5		1,0-2,0			0,1	0,15	0,12	0,003	0,04	0,05	0,3
VT20-2 w	base	3,5-4,5	0,5-1,5	0,5-1,5		1,0-2,0			0,1	0,15	0,12	0,003	0,04	0,05	0,3
SPT-2 w	base	3,5-4,5	2,5-3,5			1,0-2,0			0,1	0,15	0,12	0,003	0,04	0,05	0,3

 

Titanium alloys casting. Chemical composition

Grade	Ti	Аl	V	Мо	Sn	Zr	Mn	Cr	Si	Fe	O	H	N	C	Others
TL3	base	3,0-4,5	0,15						0,12	0,25	0,15	0,006	0,04	0,1	0,5
TL5	base	3,5-5,0	1,5-2,5						0,15	0,25	0,15	0,008	0,04	0,1	0,5

Physical properties of titanium metal

Titanium is a group IVB, in the 4th period of the periodic table of elements. Natural titanium consists of five stable isotopes with mass numbers 46 (7.95%), 47 (7.75%), 48 (73.45%), 49 (5.51%) and 50 (5.34%).

Titanium – is a silver-white metal. Titanium metals are particularly valued for its low density combined with high strength and high resistance to corrosion. Thermal expansion coefficient of the metal is about half of thermal expansion coefficient of stainless steel and copper and one third of aluminum coefficient. Its density is about 60% of steel density, one-half of copper density and 1.7 times greater than of aluminum. Its elastic modulus is half of elastic modulus of steel that makes it durable and resistant to shocks. 

Commercial titanium contains impurities of oxygen, nitrogen, iron, silicon and carbon, increasing its strength, ductility and reduces the impact on the temperature of polymorphic transformation, which is in the range 865-920 ° C. For technical grades of titanium VT1-00 and VT1-0, the density is about 4.32 g/cm3, tensile strength is 300-550 Mn/m2 (30-55kgs/mm2), elongation is not less than 25%, Brinell hardness is 1150-1650 MN / m 2 (115-165 kgf/mm2). Configuration of outer atom electron shell is Ti 3d24s2.

Chemical properties of titanium metal

Pure (metal) titanium – is a transitional reactive element, with the oxidation state +4, rarely +3 and +2. At ordinary temperatures and up to 500-550 ° C is covered by a protective oxide film of TiO2, thanks to this titanium is corrosion resistant.

It reacts with oxygen significantly at temperatures above 600 ° C with the formation of TiO2. Thin titanium cutting with insufficient lubrication can light up during machining. Sufficient concentration of oxygen in the environment and damage of oxide film by impact or friction can fire metal at room temperature and in form of large chunks.

Oxide film doesn’t protect metal-titanium in liquid state from further interaction with oxygen (as opposed, for example, aluminum), and therefore its smelting and welding must be carried out in vacuum, inert gas atmosphere or submerged. Titanium has the ability to absorb atmospheric gases and hydrogen, forming brittle alloys which are unsuitable for practical use; presence of an activated surface leads to absorption of hydrogen that takes place at room temperature with a low rate, which increases significantly at 400 ° C and above. Hydrogen solubility in titanium is reversible and this gas can be almost completely removed by annealing in a vacuum.

Titanium reacts with nitrogen at a temperature above 700 ° C; in the form of fine powder or wire titanium metal can burn in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The rate of diffusion of nitrogen and oxygen in titanium is much lower than that of hydrogen. Titanium rapidly reacts with dry halogens, is resistant to wet halogens, as moisture plays the role of inhibitor.

Metal titanium is resistant to all concentrations of nitric acid (with the exception of red fuming, causing corrosion cracking of titanium), in dilute solutions of sulfuric acid (up to 5% by weight). Hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, concentrated sulfuric and hot organic acids: oxalic, formic, and trichloroacetic react with titanium.

Titanium metals are corrosion resistant in air, seawater and marine atmosphere, wet chlorine, chlorine water, hot and cold solutions of chlorides in the different technological solutions and reagents used in chemical, oil, paper and other industries, as well as in hydrometallurgy. Titanium reacts with C, B, Se, Si metallic compounds, which are distinguished with refractoriness and high hardness.